Slovakia is facing two interconnected demographic challenges: a rapidly ageing population and the continued migration of young people abroad. Patrícia Polakovičová explores how these trends shape the country’s future, drawing on insights from sociologist Miloslav Bahna of the Slovak Academy of Sciences and Jozef Božik, Chairman of the Association of Towns and Communities of Slovakia. Together, they examine the structural causes behind ageing, the real dynamics of youth migration, and the growing pressure on municipalities and public services across the country.